Postbiotics-Research-Guide

Table 1. Examples of postbiotics, as microbial-derived metabolites and their properties. Adopted from Puccetti et al., 2020. Initial

substrate utilized by microbes

Bacteria producers Postbiotic

Health properties

Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)

Fermentation of fibre/ carbohydrate metabolism

Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes

Propionate, Acetate, Butyrate

Preserve mucosal immunity; Enhance the regulatory function of Tregs in the intestine; Enhance the protection against infections; Suppression of pro- inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in neutrophils Increase protection from pathogenic infections by inducing IL-22 secretion and production of antimicrobial peptides; Enhancement of epithelial barriers;

Indole and Indole derivatives

Dietary Tryptophan (microbial origin)

5-hydroxy-tryptophan Tryptamine Indoleacetic acid 3-methylindole carboxaldehyde Indole-3-sulfate Indole propionic acid 3-indolelactic acid (Skatole) 3-indole

Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bacteroides

Secondary bile acids

Bile acids

Deoxycholic and lithocholic acid

Regulation of bacterial growth Inhibit induction of pro- inflammatory responses

Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium

Polyamines

Nitrogenous compound

Putrescine, Spermidine, spermine

Established role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of all cell types; Can influence on cell proliferation rate; Implicated in wound healing Prevention against aberrant DNA methylation; Suppression of colonic inflammation; Maintaining redox homeostasis; Nucleotide metabolism

Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bifidium

bacterium, Bacteroides

Amine oxides Folate, riboflavin

Vitamins

Bacillus subtilis Escherichia coli. Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Powered by