| 7
WANG et al .
FIGURE 5 A Hierarchical clustering heat map of microbiota associated with treatment (including LP N1115 group in indy pink and the placebo group in lilac), age (including 6–18 months subgroup in cyan and 18 months + subgroup in ginger) and time (including week 0 in olive green, week 4 in pink and week 8 in blue) based on Euclidean distance measure and Ward clustering algorithm. Values range from low (yellow) to high (navy)
increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus at week 4 (0.44% vs. 0.01%, p < .05) and again at week 8 (0.40% vs. 0.04%, p < .05) was apparent in LP N1115 group in comparison to placebo (Figure 4e).
butanoic acid ( F [1, 56] = 4.93, p = .03) seemed to be significantly decreased in LP N1115 and placebo groups overtime. Considering the 6–18 months subgroup, significant differences in acetic acid ( F [1, 20] = 6.20, p = .02), propanoic acid ( F [1, 19] = 24.45, p < .0005), and butanoic acid ( F [1, 19] = 7.49, p = .01) were observed between LP N1115 and placebo groups. Spearman correlation analysis indicated clustering in relation to SCFA concentrations and the most abundant fecal microbiota postintervention (Figure 6). Following FDR correction, Veillonella ap - peared to be strongly, negatively correlated with 2-methyl propanoic acid ( r = −.58, p < .001), 3-methyl butanoic acid ( r = −.66, p < .001), and pentanoic acid ( r = −.49, p < .01). On the other hand, genera
3.4 | SCFAs
The most prevalent SCFAs detected in the fecal samples of all sub - jects at baseline and posttreatment (week 8) are shown in Table S2. There was a significant difference in propanoic acid levels between LP N1115 and placebo groups F [1, 56] = 7.93, p = .007. From base - line to postintervention, acetic acid ( F [1, 57] = 7.11, p = .01) and
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