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Several different endpoints were included in the study, and the results showed that intake of LPHEAL9 for 12 weeks had a positive and significant impact on cognition. More specifi- cally, the study showed a significant improvement in learning and working memory after the consumption of LPHEAL9 compared to placebo, potentially by ameliorating aspects of mood and improving sleep. These effects may be linked to the stabilization of inflammatory biomarkers and to a significantly lower awakening level of cortisol in the probiotic group compared to the baseline. Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nu15153466/s1, Table S1: Perceived stress scale (PSS) and awakening cortisol (AUC and Cmax, mmol/L) at baseline, week 4, 8, and 12 in the ITT popu- lation; Table S2: Profile of mood scores (POMS) at baseline, week 12 and change over time in the ITT population; Table S3: Quality of sleep (PSQI) at baseline, week 12 and change over time in the ITT population; Table S4: Cognition tests at baseline, week 12, and change over time in the ITT population; Table S5: Inflammation markers in serum at baseline, week 12, and change over time in the ITT population. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, G.Ö., C.M. and N.L.; methodology, G.Ö., C.M., and M.H.; writing—original draft preparation, G.Ö.; writing—review and editing, G.Ö., C.M., M.H. and N.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was funded by Probi AB, Lund, Sweden. Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals, Cork (ECM 4 (ll) 9 March 2021). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: We wish to acknowledge Atlantia clinical trials, Cork, Ireland, for their con- tribution to the study and Ted Dinan, medical director at Atlantia clinical trials, for his scientific advice. We would also like to acknowledge Christina Vegge, Probi AB, for reviewing the manuscript and Birgitte Ekholm, Lund University, Sweden, for the technical assistance in the analysis of the inflammatory markers. Conflicts of Interest: G.Ö., C.M., and N.L. are employed by Probi AB, which is an international B2B company focused exclusively on developing, producing, and delivering clinically proven probiotics. M.H. has declared no conflicts of interest.
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