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Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nu15122688/s1, Figure S1: β -diversity at baseline (V2), 24 weeks (V4), and 48 weeks (V6) in the HE and placebo group; Figure S2: Evolution of α -diversity as change from baseline after 24 weeks (V4) and 48 weeks (V6) in the HE and placebo group; Figure S3: Microbiome components differentiating between HE and placebo at week 24; Figure S4: Eubacterium limosum relative abundance between treatment group (A) and between responders and non-responders (B); Table S1: Targeted compounds and performance of the LC-MS method; Table S2: Plasma and urine prenylflavonoids and their metabolites; Table S3: Overview of adverse events on all randomized participants; Table S4: Blood safety parameters at baseline and 48 weeks; Table S5: Plasma bone biomarkers at 48 weeks; Table S6: Anthropometrics and blood efficacy parameters at 48 weeks; Table S7: Dietary intake and physical activity at 48 weeks; Table S8: SCFA concentrations at 24 wand 48weeks. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.L. and P.F.-B.; Formal analysis, D.T.; Investigation, M.T., T.B. and S.H.; Methodology, M.L.; D.T., M.T., T.B. and P.F.-B.; Writing—original draft preparation, M.L., D.T., R.R., T.B. and P.F.-B.; Writing—review and editing, M.L., D.T., R.R., M.T., T.B., S.H. and P.F.-B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by Givaudan France Naturals, an international group specializing in plant extraction and production of natural ingredients for food, nutrition, and health, and personal care sectors. Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals (on 9 May 2019; Reference number ECM4(e) 07/05/19). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: We thank Atlantia Food Clinical trials for the conduct of the clinical tests and all the volunteers for participating in this study. Ludivine Le Vigouroux, independent biostatistician (Altanstat, France), is acknowledged for performing the statistical analysis of the study. We thank Dan Souza and Elizabeth Tilak (Givaudan) for English language proofreading. Conflicts of Interest: M.L., M.T., T.B. and P.F.-B. are employees of Givaudan France Naturals. D.T. is an employee of Biofortis and was supported though a service agreement with Givaudan France Naturals. R.R has received fees for lectures or scientific advisory boards from Abiogen, Givaudan, Nestl é , ObsEva, and Theramex. S.H. reports no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in study conduct, analytical, and statistical analysis.
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